are appropriately labeled.  If several sets of data are collected then the data should be placed in different data tables.

*Calculations or Data Analysis

 

This section should include ALL of the calculations that are completed.  This means even simple little addition and subtraction calculation problems, even if you did them on your calculator!!

The following criteria should be followed:

 

1. Label: what you are solving for

2. Formula: formula used to do a calculation

3. Calculation – this is where the work is shown

4. Significant figures – all results must be in the correct number of significant figures

5. Units!!!

Example:

Density of Copper        

Formula: D = m/v   where D is density, m is mass in grams, v is volume in mL.

Calculation: m= 8.783 g; v=1.00 mL     8.783 g / 1.00 mL = 8.78 g/mL

 

If there is a lot of data (usually in physics) we will complete sample calculations.  Also, this is where you would include standard deviation data. 

This section should also include any graphical analysis.

 

*Conclusions

This section of the paper should include a restatement of the procedure. the results and how the objectives were met or not met.  For example, in the above calculation section the density was calculated, if that was part of the objective to calculate the density, then a statement should be made saying: “The density of copper was found to be 8.78 g/mL.  Also any standard deviation data, analysis of graphs, and percent error should be included here.

 

If the objectives were not met, then some discussion should be directed to what could have been done to better complete the objective(s).  Also, any sources of error should be noted here (there are always sources of error)!!  At least three sources of error should be included.  Also, even if the experiment went wonderfully, ideas should be given about how the experiment could be improved or other things that may be explored to further the learning experience.  This last item mentioned is sometimes referred to as future work in major projects (what was not measured or what aspect of this lab was not explored that could have been explored).  One if the best times to come up with ideas is when the lab is being completed.  Therefore, in the lab books always try to jot down some ideas about what else could have been explored!!

*Questions or Discussion

Here two options will be given:

1) Answer the questions in paragraph form (as if the questions were being discussed)

2) Write the questions and then answer in complete sentences.

 

This section is a major part of the grade.